Dubbo入门demo

dubbo 评论

概述

初次接触 Dubbo, 先跑个 Hello World, 看看dubbo微服务究竟是如何运作的。下边是快速启动的完整项目。

首先放出工程结构, 方便大家构建demo

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➜  dubbo-demo tree
.
├── dubbo-api
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src
│       ├── main
│       │   ├── java
│       │   │   └── cn
│       │   │       └── idea360
│       │   │           └── api
│       │   │               └── DemoService.java
│       │   └── resources
│       └── test
│           └── java
├── dubbo-consumer
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src
│       ├── main
│       │   ├── java
│       │   │   └── cn
│       │   │       └── idea360
│       │   │           └── consumer
│       │   │               └── Consumer.java
│       │   └── resources
│       │       └── dubbo
│       │           └── consumer.xml
│       └── test
│           └── java
├── dubbo-provider
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src
│       ├── main
│       │   ├── java
│       │   │   └── cn
│       │   │       └── idea360
│       │   │           └── provider
│       │   │               ├── DemoServiceImpl.java
│       │   │               └── Provider.java
│       │   └── resources
│       │       └── dubbo
│       │           └── provider.xml
│       └── test
│           └── java
└── pom.xml

服务接口

首先创建一个 dubbo-api 服务,用来暴露服务接口

服务接口maven

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>utf-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

服务接口定义

DemoService.java

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public interface DemoService {

    String sayHello(String name);
}

服务提供者

服务提供方maven

创建 dubbo-provider 服务

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>

    <!-- 打包方式 -->
    <!--<packaging>jar</packaging>-->

    <properties>
        <!-- 源文件编码格式 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!-- jdk编译源码版本 -->
        <jdk.compile.source.version>1.8</jdk.compile.source.version>
        <!-- jdk编译目标版本 -->
        <jdk.compile.target.version>1.8</jdk.compile.target.version>
        <!-- springframework版本 -->
        <springframe.version>5.1.5.RELEASE</springframe.version>
        <!-- junit版本 -->
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <!-- log4j版本 -->
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <!-- dubbo版本 -->
        <dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version>
        <!-- zookeeper版本 -->
        <zookeeper.version>3.4.6</zookeeper.version>
        <!-- zkclient版本 -->
        <zkclient.version>0.1</zkclient.version>
    </properties>

    <!-- 依赖 -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframe.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- dubbo -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zookeeper -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zkclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>${zkclient.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 构建配置 -->
    <build>
        <finalName>Provider</finalName>

        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>utf-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>cn.idea360.provider.Provider</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在服务提供方实现接口

DemoServiceImpl.java

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public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello " + name;
    }
}

用 Spring 配置声明暴露服务

dubbo/provider.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 提供方应用信息，用于计算依赖关系 -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbo-provider"  />

    <!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" client="zkclient" />

    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />

    <!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
    <dubbo:service interface="cn.idea360.api.DemoService" ref="demoService" />

    <!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 -->
    <bean id="demoService" class="cn.idea360.provider.DemoServiceImpl" />
</beans>

加载 Spring 配置

Provider.java：

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package cn.idea360.provider;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"dubbo/provider.xml"});
        context.start();

        System.out.println("服务已经启动...");
        System.in.read(); // 按任意键退出
    }
}

服务消费者

服务消费者maven

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
        <version>1.0</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>

    <!-- 打包方式 -->
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <!-- 源文件编码格式 -->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!-- jdk编译源码版本 -->
        <jdk.compile.source.version>1.8</jdk.compile.source.version>
        <!-- jdk编译目标版本 -->
        <jdk.compile.target.version>1.8</jdk.compile.target.version>
        <!-- springframework版本 -->
        <springframe.version>5.1.5.RELEASE</springframe.version>
        <!-- junit版本 -->
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <!-- log4j版本 -->
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <!-- dubbo版本 -->
        <dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version>
        <!-- zookeeper版本 -->
        <zookeeper.version>3.4.6</zookeeper.version>
        <!-- zkclient版本 -->
        <zkclient.version>0.1</zkclient.version>
    </properties>

    <!-- 依赖 -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframe.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- dubbo -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zookeeper -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zkclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>${zkclient.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 构建配置 -->
    <build>
        <finalName>Consumer</finalName>
    </build>

</project>

通过 Spring 配置引用远程服务

dubbo/consumer.xml：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 消费方应用名，用于计算依赖关系，不是匹配条件，不要与提供方一样 -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbo-consumer"  />

    <!-- 使用zookeeper广播注册中心暴露发现服务地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" client="zkclient" />

    <!-- 生成远程服务代理，可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
    <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="cn.idea360.api.DemoService" />

    <!-- 指定ip消费 -->
    <dubbo:reference id="ipConsumerService" interface="cn.idea360.api.DemoService" url="dubbo://localhost:20880" />

</beans>

加载Spring配置，并调用远程服务

Consumer.java

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package cn.idea360.consumer;

import cn.idea360.api.DemoService;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author cuishiying
 */
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"dubbo/consumer.xml"});
        context.start();

        // 通过服务发现消费
        DemoService demoService = (DemoService)context.getBean("demoService"); // 获取远程服务代理
        String hello = demoService.sayHello("world"); // 执行远程方法
        System.out.println("xml通过服务发现调用结果: " + hello); // 显示调用结果

        // 通过ip直接消费
        DemoService ipConsumerService = (DemoService)context.getBean("ipConsumerService"); // 获取远程服务代理
        System.out.println("xml通过ip直连调用结果: " + ipConsumerService.sayHello("world")); // 显示调用结果

        // 代码通过服务发现消费
        ReferenceConfig<DemoService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<>();
        reference.setApplication(new ApplicationConfig("testConsume"));
        reference.setRegistry(new RegistryConfig("zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"));
        reference.setInterface(DemoService.class);
        System.out.println("code通过服务发现调用结果: " + reference.get().sayHello("world"));

        // 代码通过ip消费
        ReferenceConfig<DemoService> reference1 = new ReferenceConfig<>();
        reference1.setApplication(new ApplicationConfig("testConsume"));
        reference1.setUrl("dubbo://192.168.0.101:20880/cn.idea360.api.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=dubbo-provider&dubbo=2.5.3&interface=cn.idea360.api.DemoService&methods=sayHello&pid=66102&side=provider&timestamp=1669043877926");
        reference1.setInterface(DemoService.class);
        System.out.println("code通过ip调用结果: " + reference1.get().sayHello("world"));
    }
}

说明: dubbo注册url可以从zk中获取, 例如示例demo中zk配置为

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# dubbo基础信息
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] ls /dubbo/cn.idea360.api.DemoService
[configurators, consumers, providers, routers]

# 服务接口注册信息
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] ls /dubbo/cn.idea360.api.DemoService/providers
[dubbo://192.168.0.101:20880/cn.idea360.api.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=dubbo-provider&dubbo=2.5.3&interface=cn.idea360.api.DemoService&methods=sayHello&pid=66747&side=provider&timestamp=1669045212728]

  • 该接口需单独打包，在服务提供方和消费方共享

  • 对服务消费方隐藏实现

  • 也可以使用 IoC 注入

常用测试

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.idea360</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.easyliao</groupId>
            <artifactId>webcall-config-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.18</version>
            <type>pom</type>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
            <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
            <version>3.29.2-GA</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

consumer1

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package cn.idea360.dubbo.consumer;

import cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.ApplicationConfig;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig;

/**
 * @author cuishiying
 *
 * 参考: https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/references/configuration/api/
 */
public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 当前应用配置
        ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
        application.setName("demo-consumer");

        // 连接注册中心配置
        RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
        // nacos注册中心: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848/?username=nacos&password=nacos
        registry.setAddress("zookeeper://10.10.10.208:2181");

        // 注意：ReferenceConfig为重对象，内部封装了与注册中心的连接，以及与服务提供方的连接
        // 引用远程服务
        ReferenceConfig<ConfigLoadService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<>(); // 此实例很重，封装了与注册中心的连接以及与提供者的连接，请自行缓存，否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
        reference.setApplication(application);
        reference.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
        reference.setInterface(ConfigLoadService.class);
        reference.setGroup("test-prd18");
        reference.setVersion("0.0.1");

        ConfigLoadService configLoadService = reference.get();
        System.out.println("code通过服务发现调用结果: " + JSON.toJSONString(configLoadService.getCompanyGlobalConfig(1)));
    }
}

consumer2

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package cn.idea360.dubbo.consumer;

import cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.ReferenceConfig;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.RegistryConfig;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.bootstrap.DubboBootstrap;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.utils.ReferenceConfigCache;

/**
 * @author cuishiying
 *
 * 参考: https://github.com/apache/dubbo/blob/master/dubbo-demo/dubbo-demo-api/dubbo-demo-api-consumer/src/main/java/org/apache/dubbo/demo/consumer/Application.java
 */
public class DubboBootstrapConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 引用远程服务
        ReferenceConfig<ConfigLoadService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<>();
        reference.setInterface(ConfigLoadService.class);
        reference.setGroup("test-prd18");
        reference.setVersion("0.0.1");
        // 设置url后将绕过注册中心
        reference.setUrl("dubbo://10.10.10.217:7515/cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService?xxx");

        // 通过DubboBootstrap简化配置组装，控制启动过程
        DubboBootstrap bootstrap = DubboBootstrap.getInstance();
        bootstrap.application("demo-consumer") // 应用配置
                .registry(new RegistryConfig("zookeeper://10.10.10.208:2181")) // 注册中心配置
                .reference(reference) // 添加ReferenceConfig
                .start();    // 启动Dubbo

        // 和本地bean一样使用demoService
        // 通过Interface获取远程服务接口代理，不需要依赖ReferenceConfig对象
        ConfigLoadService configLoadService = ReferenceConfigCache.getCache().get(ConfigLoadService.class);
        System.out.println("code通过服务发现调用结果: " + JSON.toJSONString(configLoadService.getCompanyGlobalConfig(1)));
    }
}

consumer3

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public class BaseConsumer {

    private static final String ADREESS = "nacos://xxx.net:80/nacos?namespace=framework";
    private static final String GROUP = "framework";
    private static final String VERSION = "0.0.1";

    protected static <T> T getProvider(Class<T> cls) {
        // 当前应用配置
        ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
        application.setName("demo-consumer");

        // 连接注册中心配置
        RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
        registry.setAddress(ADREESS);
        // registry.setAddress("zookeeper://10.10.10.208:2181");

        // 注意：ReferenceConfig为重对象，内部封装了与注册中心的连接，以及与服务提供方的连接
        // 引用远程服务
        ReferenceConfig<T> reference = new ReferenceConfig<>(); // 此实例很重，封装了与注册中心的连接以及与提供者的连接，请自行缓存，否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
        reference.setApplication(application);
        reference.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
        // reference.setUrl("dubbo://192.168.0.101:7529/cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigCRUDService?accepts=2000&anyhost=true&application=webcall-config-tmp-service&application.start.time=2022-12-05 17:20:59&application.version=0.0.1&bean.name=ServiceBean:cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigCRUDService&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&easyliao.version=1.2.5.4&generic=false&group=test-prd18&interface=cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigCRUDService&logger=log4j2&methods=registry,removeAll,pageQuery,removeById,find,get,count,refresh,update,insert,remove&payload=83886080&pid=32905&release=2.7.4.1&retries=0&revision=0.5.0.0&shutdown.timeout=3000&side=provider&threads=500&timeout=30000&timestamp=1670232060191&tracing=tracing&version=0.0.2");
        reference.setInterface(cls);
        reference.setGroup(GROUP);
        reference.setVersion(VERSION);

        return reference.get();
    }
}

consumer4

如下配置文件，我们可以知道服务暴露在本地的7514端口

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dubbo.application.name=crud-provider
dubbo.registry.address=10.10.10.215:2181
dubbo.registry.protocol=zookeeper
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo
dubbo.protocol.port=7514

使用 telnet 命令进行访问，如下出现 Dubbo 字样时说明连接成功

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➜  blog git:(master) ✗ telnet 10.10.10.215 7514
Trying 10.10.10.215...
Connected to 10.10.10.215.
Escape character is '^]'.

dubbo>ls
PROVIDER:
cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigCRUDService
cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService

dubbo>ls cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService
cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService (as provider):
    getCompany
    getCompanyGlobalConfig


dubbo>invoke cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService.getCompany(1)
Use default service cn.easyliao.webcall.config.service.api.ConfigLoadService.
result: {"companyId":1,"companyName":"北京易聊科技有限公司","fax":"010-12345555","industry":"0","phoneNumber":"11111111","street":"朝阳区社区-同步","webSite":"http://www.easyliao555.cn"}
elapsed: 32 ms.
dubbo>

最后

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